About indigenous varieties of olive trees

The olive tree is an evergreen tree or shrub 8-15 m high, which can be found at altitudes of up to 700 m above the sea level. It has been cultivated for thousands of years in the Mediterranean area. There are about 60 varieties of olives, but in the production of seedlings we give priority to indigenous species naturally adapted to the conditions of life in our climate.

Buža

Native variety. It thrives best in protected positions in southern Istria. It is sensitive to numerous diseases and weather conditions. It is planted with other domestic varieties such as Carbonace, Rosinjola, Puntoja. The pollinators are the leccino and pendolino varieties.
Oil: excellent quality, pleasant bitterness and marked spiciness during early harvest. At a late harvest, it gives a sweet oil, without a strong aroma.

Characteristics

Puntoža

Indigenous variety grown in the area of Rovinj, Bale, Vodnjan and Fažana. It has a lush growth, a strong trunk and branches that form a high and dense canopy. Fruit, smaller than a mushroom, bulging at the top. It is sensitive to the peacock eye and olive fly, and less sensitive to adverse weather conditions and low temperatures.
Oil: High-quality oil like buje, which smells of olive fruit and apple.

Characteristics

Istarska bjelica

An indigenous variety also domesticated in Kvarner, but we also find it in Italy and Slovenia. The tree is of medium vigor. The fruit is ovoid, large, and ripens late, in the middle or end of November. It gives fruit regularly and abundantly. Sensitive to the olive fly. It tolerates low temperatures and storms well. The pollinators are leccino and frantoio.
Oil: pronounced spiciness with a high content of polyphenols as much as 450 mg/kg of fruit.

Characteristics

Zižolera

An old indigenous variety, grows in the area of Vodnjan. The tree has a lush growth, a more developed trunk with supple and dense native branches. The appearance and color of the fruit resembles that of the jujube, after which it got its name. It is resistant to low temperatures and common diseases and pests.
Oil: excellent quality.

Characteristics

Rošinjola

Indigenous variety from the area of Rovinj, Vodnjan and Vrsar. Medium-sized tree, round crown with spreading branches and lots of leaves. Its fruit is symmetrical, medium-sized, dark purple in color with numerous freckles. It is resistant, but it is often attacked by aphids, which cause the appearance of sooty fungus.
Oil: intense smell and pronounced spicy taste and moderate bitterness.

Characteristics

Karbonaca

Indeginous variety from southern Istria. The tree has a dense canopy. The fruit is in bunches, elongated, medium weight, rarely changes color to the end, easy to harvest. Gives fruit well and regularly. It is resistant to common diseases and pests and moderately resistant to low temperatures.
Oil: gives an above-average amount of oil with a very spicy taste.

Characteristics

Črnica / Plominka / Muška buža

Is an old domestic variety from northern Istria. The tree is of strong, lush growth. The fruit is medium to large, on a long stalk. Gives fruit well and regularly. It is resistant to common diseases and pests. The pollinators are local varieties (buza, bjelica.).
Oil: extraordinary quality of oil, pronounced spiciness, bitter-sweet taste.

Characteristics